Poker History

Introduction

From no one having heard about it to becoming a tournament where people fight for a bracelet, Poker has come a long way. Its popularity has surged dramatically, transforming it from a niche pastime into a global phenomenon. This article will uncover poker's journey and explore how its history has developed.

Origin of Poker

The origins of poker can be traced back to games originating in Europe and Asia during the early 16th century. Certain historians speculate that poker might have evolved from the Persian game ‘As Nas,’ which utilised a 25-card deck featuring five suits. 'As Nas' involved elements of betting and hand rankings, resembling aspects of contemporary poker.

Yet another forerunner to poker is the French game ‘Poque’, which surfaced in the 17th century. Poque reached North America through French settlers and gradually became the poker we recognise today.

Further game evolution occurred in the United States throughout the 19th century, notably during the Gold Rush. During this era, the 52-card deck and the bluffing strategy became fundamental elements of the game.

19th century

In the 19th century, the early forms of poker evolved from the French game "poque." Poque was derived from the German word "pochen," meaning bluff or brag. Other names are Persian "As-Nas," Renaissance "Primero," French "Brelan," and English "Brag."

The game emerged in the late 18th century. People in the U.S. used to play with a 20-card deck, but the 52-card deck was introduced later. The game became popular during the gold rush, and during the Civil War era, new poker variants, such as Stud Poker and the straight, were introduced.

Later, games like wild cards, lowball and split poker, and community card poker were introduced. Several books were also published about poker, including J. Hildreth's (1836): Dragoon Campaigns to the Rocky Mountains, Wiley & Long, New York.

20th century

The World Series of Poker was established in the 1970s. Doyle Brunson and Mike Caro published their book on poker strategy, too. In the 1980s, poker was legalised in California, boosting Holdem and Omaha’s poker reach. In 1988, the Indian Gaming Regulatory Act expanded casino poker rooms. In the 1990s, the era of online poker began with the establishment of Planet Poker in 1998. In 1999, poker appeared on the TV through the show ‘Late Night Poker’.

21st century

The 21st century is the ‘Boom’ period for poker. Online poker and hole-card cameras made poker a spectacular game. Platforms started broadcasting WSOP and WPT tournaments that attracted several global audiences. The online satellite tournaments encouraged amateurs to join major events.

In 2009, the International Federation of Poker promoted poker as a mind sport. New events like The Nations Cup and The Table were also added. The UIGEA briefly slowed the growth, but the game eventually rose.

Emergence of Poker Variations

Many poker variations surfaced in the early 20th century, such as Texas Hold'em, Omaha, and Seven Card Stud. These variants introduced fresh elements and tactics, enhancing the game's appeal.

The World Series of Poker (WSOP) establishment in 1970 was pivotal in transforming the game into a spectator sport. The ‘poker boom’ of the early 2000s, fueled by televised broadcasts and online poker sites, further integrated poker into the mainstream. The convenience and accessibility of online poker contributed to its exponential growth, attracting a new generation of players.

Development of poker game

Poker started developing in the 1970s, the year an American Casino launched the World Series of Poker. Several poker champions, such as Amarillo Slim, Johnny Moss, Bobby Baldwin, and Puggy Pearson, devised new strategies and published books.

In 1973, the first televised version of poker was telecasted. The WSOP was covered by the media and telecasted.

In 1980, poker became part of pop culture, and people started using it as a recreational activity. The Star Trek episode increased its popularity. The highlight was when the government passed the Indian Gaming Regulatory Act in 1988, legalising casinos in India.

In 1990, it became a household name in the U.S. In the 21st century, the advent of online poker games added feathers to its popularity.

Evolution of Poker

Technological advancements in software, graphics, and user interfaces have been instrumental in shaping the evolution of gaming. Gaming platforms integrate features like multi-table functionality, hand history tracking, and real-time analytics, streamlining the gaming experience. Furthermore, the responsive designs of mobile applications have widened the accessibility of online poker, allowing players to participate in games easily on their smartphones and tablets.

Modern Day Poker

The combination of poker and digital media has given rise to eSports and streaming platforms, which now play essential roles in the poker ecosystem. Popular streaming channels like Twitch and YouTube feature live streams of tournaments, instructional videos, and commentary from top players. The interactive nature of streaming allows viewers to engage with their favourite players, learn from their strategies, and participate in real-time discussions.

Regulatory Challenges and Legalisation

The expansion of online poker has been accompanied by regulatory challenges and legal debates surrounding its legality and governance. The legality of online poker varies by jurisdiction, with some countries imposing strict regulations or outright bans on online real-money gaming activities. Legalisation efforts, lobbying campaigns, and advocacy groups continue to shape the regulatory framework of online poker, aiming to promote responsible gaming practices, protect consumer rights, and support the industry's growth.

Taxability of Online Gaming

Under the Income Tax Act, game winnings, including actual winnings and any bonuses, referral incentives, or other inducements provided by online gaming platforms, are deemed as income and are liable to a 30% tax rate as per Section 115BB.

By the latest regulations, online games are subject to a consistent 28% tax on the entire value of bets, irrespective of whether they entail games of skill or chance. For example, if a player bets INR 100, the new tax regime imposes a GST of INR 28 on that amount.

Interesting Facts About Poker

• The longest recorded poker game in history lasted for over eight years, from 1881 to 1889, in the Bird Cage Theatre in Tombstone, Arizona.
• The ‘dead man's hand’ is a legendary poker hand consisting of two black aces and eights. Legend has it that Wild Bill Hickok was holding this hand when he was shot and killed during a poker game in Deadwood, South Dakota, in 1876.
• The game of poker has inspired numerous academic studies and research papers in fields such as mathematics, psychology, and computer science. Researchers have explored topics such as optimal strategy, decision-making under uncertainty, and artificial intelligence algorithms designed to play poker at a high level.
• The term ‘rake’ in poker refers to the small percentage of each pot that the casino or online poker room takes as a fee for hosting the game. Rakeback deals, where players receive a portion of the rake they generate, are common incentives online poker sites offer to attract and retain players.

In 2014, professional poker player Dan Bilzerian claimed to have won $50 million in one year playing poker.

• Phil Hellmuth holds the record for the most WSOP bracelets won by a single player, with 15 bracelets to his name as of 2022.
• In 2008, Peter Eastgate became the youngest player to win the WSOP Main Event at 22.
• Poker has been featured in several movies, including ‘The Cincinnati Kid’, ‘Maverick’, and ‘Casino Royale’.
• The ‘Moneymaker Effect’ refers to the surge in popularity of poker following Chris Moneymaker's victory in the 2003 WSOP Main Event. Moneymaker, an amateur player who qualified for the tournament through an online satellite,
• The Poker Hall of Fame, established in 1979, honours individuals who have contributed significantly to the poker game. Inductees are selected based on criteria such as playing ability and contributions to the poker community.

Frequently Asked Questions

How do I learn to play poker game?

Numerous resources are available to help beginners learn how to play poker, including online tutorials, books, and instructional videos. Many online poker sites offer free play options where players can practice without risking real money. The more you play, the more you learn.

Are there professional poker players in India?

Several Indian professional poker players earn a living by competing in high-stakes tournaments, cash games, and online games. Professional players often specialise in specific poker variants and employ advanced strategies to maximise their winnings.

What impact has the internet had on poker?

The internet has profoundly impacted poker, democratising access to the game and creating a global community of players. Online poker platforms have revolutionised the game, allowing players to compete in virtual games and tournaments anywhere in the world, anytime.

What trends can we foresee in the future evolution of poker?

Virtual reality (VR) technology, augmented reality (AR) applications and blockchain-based platforms could further transform the way poker is played and experienced, opening up new possibilities for innovation and growth.

Conclusion

The evolution of poker in the digital age reflects the collaboration of technology, entertainment, and gaming culture, driving innovation, accessibility, and engagement within the poker community. As online poker continues to evolve and adapt to changing trends and technologies, it remains a perfect avenue for players to hone their skills, compete against players from all over the country, and make money.